MasterBrand offers many choices for compound materials that are highly durable, less susceptible to discoloration and easy to maintain, including laminate cabinets, thermofoil cabinets and more. Wood cabinets come in a variety of hardwoods and veneers. MasterBrand explains wood cabinet types and characteristics of each to help you choose yours.Wood Crest Cabinetry is proud to partner with internationally-renowned home improvement expert and HGTV celebrity Scott McGillivray. Learn More. Storage Solutions. Get ready to get organized and have your kitchen work smarter with genius storage solutions that improve efficiency, accessibility, and overall function. Explore Storage Solutions.Jul 31, 2023 · Kitchen cabinet hardware in brass is a popular choice that brings warmth to modern kitchens. Timeless black-and-white kitchen cabinets are always on trend. Two-tone kitchen cabinets that combine painted cabinets in two different shades, or a mix of painted and natural wood cabinetry, are a trendy way to add personality and interest to kitchen ... Pre-assembled Kitchen Cabinets at Builders Surplus. If you’re looking for quality cabinets for your DIY or contractor build needs, Builders Surplus Kitchen & Bath Cabinets offers the largest selection of fully factory-assembled, pre-finished, and unfinished cabinets at the best cash-and-carry prices across Southern California.Taking cues from the lines and edges created in nature. Leaving your kitchen cabinetry its natural wood color and texture is a design decision that we’ve seen come and go in popularity. And while we do think it can create a stunning moment in your kitchen’s design, it has to be done right (ie steer clear of the orange-tinged stain of the …All of our made in USA kitchen cabinets are constructed without using metal L brackets, cams, or clips. Instead, the cabinets are built with Grade-A plywood, solid wood face-frames, and high tech finishing systems that produce reliable and long-lasting cabinets. You get the same craftsmanship and quality as custom cabinets, but at a more budget ...Jul 31, 2023 · Kitchen cabinet hardware in brass is a popular choice that brings warmth to modern kitchens. Timeless black-and-white kitchen cabinets are always on trend. Two-tone kitchen cabinets that combine painted cabinets in two different shades, or a mix of painted and natural wood cabinetry, are a trendy way to add personality and interest to kitchen ... Choose RTA Cabinets and Make Your Dream Kitchen. If you’re like most home owners who did not have a hand in the design of their home, you long to remodel your kitchen to the way you want it to be. You have the perfect dream kitchen in your head; you know the colors you want, the appliances you want to buy, the look and design of the cabinets ...Solid Wood Kitchen Cabinets, Units 6-8, Brearley Court, Baird Road, Waterwells, Quedgeley, Gloucestershire, GL2 2AF. Solid Wood Kitchen Cabinets logo is the subject of a Registered Community Design of Direct Online Services LTD. Registered in United Kingdom, registration number 06642691.Sep 25, 2023 ... Embarking on a home remodeling project is a thrilling endeavor, offering the... City Kitchen & Bath · Read More ...Hampton Bay Hampton Satin White Cabinets. Raised Panel Door Style with Traditional and Timeless Finish - 10x10 layout starting at $1,700. Hampton Bay Shaker Satin White Cabinets. Shaker Door Style with Versatile Modern Finish - 10x10 layouts starting at $1,800. Hampton Bay Courtland Polar White Shaker Cabinets.Lobster and Swan. The top of this olive green painted china cabinet in a rustic English DIY kitchen from Lobster and Swan is layered with objects and a tall vase of branches that fills in the empty space above the relatively short cabinet and draws the eye upward. Continue to 8 of 19 below. 08 of 19.Eat-in kitchen - large contemporary u-shaped marble floor, gray floor and wood ceiling eat-in kitchen idea in Philadelphia with an undermount sink, flat-panel cabinets, light wood cabinets, black backsplash, an island, solid surface countertops, stone tile backsplash and black appliances. Save Photo. Boar Shoat.Lobster and Swan. The top of this olive green painted china cabinet in a rustic English DIY kitchen from Lobster and Swan is layered with objects and a tall vase of branches that fills in the empty space above the relatively short cabinet and draws the eye upward. Continue to 8 of 19 below. 08 of 19.Pre-assembled Kitchen Cabinets at Builders Surplus. If you’re looking for quality cabinets for your DIY or contractor build needs, Builders Surplus Kitchen & Bath Cabinets offers the largest selection of fully factory-assembled, pre-finished, and unfinished cabinets at the best cash-and-carry prices across Southern California.Sep 16, 2022 ... Kitchen Cabinet Woods: 7 of the Best Wood Species For Your Cabinets! · 1. Birch · 2. Maple · 3. (Red) Oak · 4. Rift-Cut White Oak &midd...Red Oak. Design by Emily Henderson / Photo by Kaitlin Green. Red oak is one of the most commonly used and least expensive types of wood used for kitchen cabinets. It's a durable material that has a natural warmth to it and features pronounced grain that's visible if you apply a stain. Red oak cabinets can easily date a kitchen, but when done ...Soothing shades of gray, brown, and black give this traditional kitchen a natural ambience enhanced by the honey-tone hardwood floor. The kitchen tile has a slight hint of blue to give it some interest. The cabinet hardware and barstools add extra dashes of black . 22of 25.It offers a limited lifetime warranty and faster delivery in a quality, traditionally built showroom cabinet. Here you'll find a plywood cabinet box, soft-close ...Are you tired of a cluttered and disorganized kitchen? Do you find yourself constantly searching for ingredients or struggling to find space to store your groceries? A pantry cabin...Cottage Style With a Touch of Sophistication. A dreamy, all-white kitchen …Reviews for Fabuwood cabinets are very mixed, with some consumers rating them poorly for design issues and the lack of an extended guarantee. Fabuwood uses wood that is sourced and...Douglas Fir is mostly used for kitchen cabinets. It is fire resistant and can withstand the heat produced in the kitchen. It is the best wood for cabinets in the kitchen. In terms of durability, Douglas Fir is not durable as hardwoods. But with proper finishing and regular maintenance, Douglas Fir cabinets will easily last over years.Contemporary Kitchen. Inspiration for a medium sized contemporary u-shaped kitchen/diner in London with a submerged sink, louvered cabinets, light wood cabinets, quartz worktops, white splashback, ceramic splashback, stainless steel appliances, light hardwood flooring, a breakfast bar, brown floors and white worktops. Save Photo.Browse our selection of kitchen sinks, faucets, and appliances like ranges and microwaves to make your kitchen both functional and stylish. And finally, don’t forget about backsplash and flooring for your kitchen as well as storage options like drawer organizers. *Free shipping on orders over $2,000 is only available in the contiguous U.S.Learn all about oak kitchen cabinets and discover why this type of wood has stayed so popular in kitchen designs everywhere. RX-HomeDepot_Oak-kitchen-cabinets-after_4x3 Wide view of oak kitchen cabinets, a wood floor, stainless kitchen appliances, and empty countertop.... quality and low prices. Many styles to choose from with high end finishes and wood construction. See how much you can save on your kitchen cabinets. Shop Now!Feb 22, 2023 · Updating kitchen cabinets is a significant part of kitchen remodels, but it’s not necessarily the most costly. On average, the cost of kitchen cabinets is $11,100, with a typical range of $4,000 ... Wood Cabinet Factory Kitchen Cabinet Collections are Up to 40% less than home center prices! Own your dream at an affordable price today. (973) 363-9300 [email protected]. ... Wood Cabinet Factory warrants our cabinetry products to be free of manufacturer defects and defects in material and workmanship under normal use for …Wood Cabinet Factory Kitchen Cabinet Collections are Up to 40% less than home center prices! Own your dream at an affordable price today. (973) 363-9300 [email protected]. ... Wood Cabinet Factory warrants our cabinetry products to be free of manufacturer defects and defects in material and workmanship under normal use for …Sep 20, 2023 · Red Oak. Design by Emily Henderson / Photo by Kaitlin Green. Red oak is one of the most commonly used and least expensive types of wood used for kitchen cabinets. It's a durable material that has a natural warmth to it and features pronounced grain that's visible if you apply a stain. Red oak cabinets can easily date a kitchen, but when done ... Blue kitchen cabinets are also basking in attention, particularly because designers are opting for a variation when it comes to shades of blue—from sky to retro azure to the more serious navy. 6 ...Wood cabinets are a timeless design choice that fills a kitchen with ample warmth. They come in various types and styles, levels of durability, and price points, so …When it comes to remodeling your kitchen, you may be looking for ways to save money. One of the best ways to do this is by finding quality used kitchen cabinets. Used kitchen cabin...Customer Service Is Our Top Priority. We pride ourselves on some of the most dedicated and knowledgeable cabinetry experts in the area. We have over 65+ years of combined industry experience across our sales, design, and installation teams. Our goal is to make getting the kitchen of your dreams a simple, straight-forward, and pain-free process.Here, five pros share the details of wood kitchen cabinets they brought into clients’ kitchens. Good Bones Design Build Save Photo. 1. White Oak PlywoodDesign-build pros: Ashley Murphree and Spencer Dobrovolny of Good Bones Design BuildArchitect: Devin Donner of Rudin Donner Design Location: Mill Valley, California Homeowner’s request.The drawer fronts will likely feature solid wood or MDF. Typical plywood construction for wall-mounted cabinetry (top) and base cabinetry (bottom); via Ideal Cabinetry. Despite the importance of specifying the right material for the structural body of the cabinets, the top priority of architects and their clients is often the cabinet door. Configuration: Door. Diamond NOW. Arcadia 36-in W x 35-in H x 23.75-in D White Door and Drawer Base Fully Assembled Cabinet (Recessed Panel Shaker Door Style) Find My Store. for pricing and availability. 5029. Dimensions: 36" W x 23.75" D x 35" H. Type: Base Cabinet. Configuration: Door and drawer. Looking for the best Marks & Spencer kitchen tools to make your cooking experience easier and more enjoyable? Look no further than this guide! With essential tools stocking your ki... for pricing and availability. 730. Dimensions: 36" W x 23.75" D x 35" H. Type: Base Cabinet. Configuration: Sink Base. Color: Unfinished. Project Source. Omaha Unfinished 30-in W x 30-in H x 12.5-in D Unfinished Poplar Door Wall Ready To Assemble Cabinet (Recessed Panel Shaker Door Style) Shop the Collection. 30% OFF. Market Street Semi-Custom Cabinetry. (4) Select Options. Custom Assembled Outdoor Cabinetry by WeatherStrong. (109) Compare Product. Select Options. Earn a 10% Costco Shop Card*.MasterBrand offers many choices for compound materials that are highly durable, less susceptible to discoloration and easy to maintain, including laminate cabinets, thermofoil cabinets and more. Wood cabinets come in a variety of hardwoods and veneers. MasterBrand explains wood cabinet types and characteristics of each to help you choose yours.When it comes to kitchen cabinets, choosing the right color is crucial in creating a timeless and visually appealing space. While trends come and go, neutral colors have always bee...Lobster and Swan. The top of this olive green painted china cabinet in a rustic English DIY kitchen from Lobster and Swan is layered with objects and a tall vase of branches that fills in the empty space above the relatively short cabinet and draws the eye upward. Continue to 8 of 19 below. 08 of 19.Jan 23, 2023 · Vacuum inside the cabinets, using a crevice tool attachment. Mix equal parts white vinegar and warm water in a spray bottle, adding liquid dishwashing detergent to cut through the grease. Spray outside doors and let the solution sit for one to two minutes. Wipe clean with a microfiber cloth. Spray inside doors and shelves and let the solution ... Solid Wood Kitchen Cabinets, Units 6-8, Brearley Court, Baird Road, Waterwells, Quedgeley, Gloucestershire, GL2 2AF. Solid Wood Kitchen Cabinets logo is the subject of a Registered Community Design of Direct Online Services LTD. Registered in United Kingdom, registration number 06642691.Mar 26, 2023 ... MDF takes paint better, and doesn't have the same seams as wood, will not crack and split the paint where would might. The main benefit to real ...Explore helpful features such as adjustable shelves and reversible door cabinets, so you can make them work for your space. Find Wood kitchen cabinets at Lowe's today. …Simply lay the 2x4s on the top rack of both ladders and screw eye hooks into both 2x4s to hang the painted items. To make sure no holes will be visible, add corresponding hooks to the top edges of upper cabinet doors and the bottoms of lower doors and drawers. Step 7. Remove Doors and Hardware.Quality Wood Prefab Cabinets are In-Stock & Ready to Ship. Our Free Design & Sample Door Promotion are the Perfect Start. ... Work Directly with Your Designer and Select Cabinets from Our Large Selection of RTA & Assembled Kitchen Cabinets. top of page. SIGN UP & SAVE. FREE Shipping FREE Sample Doors 0 % APR* Financing. 800-380-1033.Quality Wood Prefab Cabinets are In-Stock & Ready to Ship. Our Free Design & Sample Door Promotion are the Perfect Start. ... Work Directly with Your Designer and Select Cabinets from Our Large Selection of RTA & Assembled Kitchen Cabinets. top of page. SIGN UP & SAVE. FREE Shipping FREE Sample Doors 0 % APR* Financing. 800-380-1033.Nov 5, 2021 · Here, five pros share the details of wood kitchen cabinets they brought into clients’ kitchens. Good Bones Design Build. 1. White Oak Plywood. Design-build pros: Ashley Murphree and Spencer Dobrovolny of Good Bones Design Build. Architect: Devin Donner of Rudin Donner Design. Location: Mill Valley, California. Homeowner’s request. Oct 9, 2020 · Tuscan kitchen cabinets are predominantly made of quality woods such as cherry or maple. They tend to be stained into rich brown colors to evoke a natural feel while conveying a sophisticated elegance. Cabinet doors tend to have raised panels and decorative wood accents such as ornate hoods, shelves and cornices. Douglas Fir is mostly used for kitchen cabinets. It is fire resistant and can withstand the heat produced in the kitchen. It is the best wood for cabinets in the kitchen. In terms of durability, Douglas Fir is not durable as hardwoods. But with proper finishing and regular maintenance, Douglas Fir cabinets will easily last over years.Salient Features Of Cherry Wood. Appearance: Reddish-Brown. Durability: Susceptible to dents and scratches with rough use. Hardness: 950 (Janka hardness) Density: 0.38-0.56 (10 3 Kg/M3) Workability: Easy to work with, glues well and easily takes screws and nails. Cost: Moderately expensive to quite expensive. Large farmhouse open concept kitchen idea with flat-panel cabinets, light natural wood cabinets, marble countertops, white countertops, white calacatta gold backsplash, stainless steel appliances, an island, exposed beam, stainless steel appliances and light wood floor. Photo by John Webb Construction and Design – Discover kitchen design ideas. Furniture-grade wood is the top of the line in kitchen cabinetry materials. With realistic wood grains, our planks add a level of elegance and sophistication to ...Antique-style cabinets and wood-top island give this kitchen country charm. The beadboard paneling—in a nod to classic farmhouse shiplap— used around the rest of the kitchen is painted the same white color as the cabinets to create a neutral backdrop. The black drawer pulls match the industrial-inspired bar stools, reinforcing the farmhouse ...Minimal Kitchen Design With Light Wood Cabinets With Gray Stone Slab Countertops. This minimal kitchen is complete with flat-panel cabinets, light color wood cabinets, gray stone slab countertops and backsplash, gray marble tile floor, ceiling fan, white lower cabinets, stainless steel appliances and an island.2. Prep and sand. Once the cabinets are clean and dry, move on to sanding the cabinets with 80 to 120-grit sandpaper. If you have access to a palm sander, this will make the process quicker and easier, but it is not essential. Sand in the direction of the wood grain until the cabinets' surfaces are smooth and even.Custom – As the name indicates, these kitchen cabinets are fully customizable. They offer the biggest range of options in style, color, size, and configuration. Stock – These are prefabricated cabinets that come in a limited number of styles, materials, and colors. Stock cabinetry comes in standard sizes and is the most economical.Fingerprints: The oily residue on fingers can leave unsightly marks on cabinet doors and hardware. Cleaning kitchen cabinets with vinegar will easily remove fingerprints. Dampen a cloth in a 50-50 … To install our pre-assembled cabinets in your kitchen, you will need: A power screwdriver and drill. A 4' or 6' level. An 8'-long 2x4 board. A tape measure. A stud finder. C-clamps. A pencil to mark your measurements. Make sure you have another person to assist you when mounting cabinets to the wall. Lowest Prices: Save up to 50% on your kitchen cabinets online compared to local retail outlets. Highest Quality: Our cabinets are constructed with Grade A plywood cabinet boxes, not particle board or medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Fastest Shipping: With an extensive inventory of cabinets on hand, our products are delivered directly to your ... Made in the USA since 1972 this line offers over 2,000 style options. Pick your door style, wood species and finish. Here you'll find Oak, Cherry, Alder, Hickory, Walnut, Maple and more in both rustic and traditional wood grains. This cabinetry line offers extensive sizes for a more custom design. Choose options ranging from budget friendly ... Oct 24, 2023 · Soothing shades of gray, brown, and black give this traditional kitchen a natural ambience enhanced by the honey-tone hardwood floor. The kitchen tile has a slight hint of blue to give it some interest. The cabinet hardware and barstools add extra dashes of black . 22of 25. 1. Plywood. Perhaps the most familiar manufactured material, plywood alternates the grain of thin layers of wood. The result: extreme durability. While plywood holds up against moisture, its natural qualities can warp over time. Most plywood cabinet doors come with a veneer coating.Wood is the most commonly used material for kitchen cabinets, a popular choice due to the wide range of styles, qualities and finishes available, as well as the ability to create truly custom designs. Kitchen …Get free shipping on qualified Solid Wood, Base Kitchen Cabinets products or Buy Online Pick Up in Store today in the Kitchen Department. ... Newport Deep Onyx Plywood Shaker Assembled Base Kitchen Cabinet 1 ROT Soft Close 36 in W x 24 in D x 34.5 in H. Add to Cart. Compare $ 560. 96 $ 934.93. Save $ 373.97 (40 %)Credit: Artazum/Shutterstock. 4. Use a Dark Stain. You can also use stain to darken the cabinets and create a more sleek look, says Seyman Usta, interior design specialist and founder of Seus Lighting. Achieve a look similar to this stately kitchen by using a dark, cherry-colored stain. Credit: Erin Derby. 5.Jan 25, 2023 ... Which Wood Kitchen Cabinets to Paint in 2023 and Why! · Dark Red Cherry Wood Cabinets · Old whitewashed wood cabinets that turned peach · Ligh...Our Wood kitchen cabinets are an ideal solution if you want to give your cooking space a warm and stylish feel. Shop from the convenience of your home at ...Prime the prepared wood surfaces with pigmented shellac sealer for kitchen cabinet refinishing. Use a good-quality 2-in. brush. Pour about 1-1/2 in. of your primer into a small can and dip the brush about 1 in. Press the brush against the side of the can to remove excess primer. Modern kitchen cabinets are characterized by this sleek, more angular design with a simplicity in their doors and frames. Recent modern design reflects a trend towards midcentury modern furniture, which features bold angles and curves. This design can be translated into modern kitchen cabinetry as well. Modern kitchen islands can harbor modern ... Oct 24, 2023 · Soothing shades of gray, brown, and black give this traditional kitchen a natural ambience enhanced by the honey-tone hardwood floor. The kitchen tile has a slight hint of blue to give it some interest. The cabinet hardware and barstools add extra dashes of black . 22of 25. The cost of kitchen cabinets can vary considerably for custom versus factory builds, different materials, and more. Learn the average cost of kitchen cabinets. is now Angi. ... Wood: $5,000–$25,000+ Wood veneer: $2,000–$15,000+ Laminate: $4,000–$15,000: Acrylic: $5,000–$20,000: Stainless steel:The elegant handles complete the overall look of these wooden cabinets. Here the cabinets are topped with a black granite countertop. However, you can pair ...Blue Wood Stains. Yes, you read that right. Blue stains are popping up in kitchens across the county but, as with blue paint colors, it's important to pay attention to the undertones. "Sophisticated blue will be a key accent color for kitchen spaces for the next few years," she says. "It's timeless and sophisticated and brings back a luxurious ...Step 1: Gather painting supplies. Watson warns against blindly choosing the cheapest brushes and rollers: “If you end up going with the dollar-store brushes and the $5 gallon of paint, it’ll ...Solid wood, according to some experts, is the best choice for cabinets' parts because of its strength and durability. However, it is really costly. Therefore, ... Quality wood species can improve the overall longevity of your kitchen, while providing personality with its unique markings. No two cabinets are alike. Consider the unique characteristics you might find when selecting your material. 1. Cherry Wood Cabinets 2. Maple Wood Cabinets 3. Oak Wood Cabinets 4. Bamboo Wood Cabinets. This kitchen located on the island of St. Barts was designed by architects Charles Gwathmey and Kang Chang and features multiple tones of wood throughout the space, including the cabinets, kitchen ...1. Timberly Wooden Bar Cabinet. Timberly Wooden Bar Cabinet Wine Rack Bottle Holder Wall Hanging Mini Bar for Home Kitchen Wine & Glass Rack (37 x 5X 24 …Jul 31, 2023 · Kitchen cabinet hardware in brass is a popular choice that brings warmth to modern kitchens. Timeless black-and-white kitchen cabinets are always on trend. Two-tone kitchen cabinets that combine painted cabinets in two different shades, or a mix of painted and natural wood cabinetry, are a trendy way to add personality and interest to kitchen ...
Contemporary Kitchen. Inspiration for a medium sized contemporary u-shaped kitchen/diner in London with a submerged sink, louvered cabinets, light wood cabinets, quartz worktops, white splashback, ceramic splashback, stainless steel appliances, light hardwood flooring, a breakfast bar, brown floors and white worktops. Save Photo.. Y. a
The 1960s Kitchen That Rediscovered Its Mid-Century Vibe. Here’s a kitchen redo that shows how drastic the difference can be between two types of wood cabinets. Homeowner Suzanna Smith went from a natural wood kitchen to another natural wood kitchen, yes, but the character within is completely different. Suzanna’s starting …Wipe all the dust particles off, and then sand again with a finer sandpaper, about 220 grit. This will prepare the wood for the stain. To apply the stain, use a rag and rub the stain into the wood going along with the grain. Rubbing the stain into the wood permeates the pores and allows for a much deeper saturation.Remove the buildup of thick grease—an orange or yellowish sticky substance—on your kitchen cabinets using a few methods: Orange oil: Allow orange oil cleaner to sit and penetrate the grease for two to four minutes. Repeat if necessary. Baking soda: Make a paste of baking soda and water and scrub with a soft-bristled brush.Oct 28, 2022 ... Although wood kitchen cabinets were once considered out of style, they are definitely coming back into style and will always be a good choice in ...Timeless oak. The popularity of oak never really sways. Its smooth and simple canvas …Taking cues from the lines and edges created in nature. Leaving your kitchen cabinetry its natural wood color and texture is a design decision that we’ve seen come and go in popularity. And while we do think it can create a stunning moment in your kitchen’s design, it has to be done right (ie steer clear of the orange-tinged stain of the …Soothing shades of gray, brown, and black give this traditional kitchen a natural ambience enhanced by the honey-tone hardwood floor. The kitchen tile has a slight hint of blue to give it some interest. The cabinet hardware and barstools add extra dashes of black . 22of 25.The 1960s Kitchen That Rediscovered Its Mid-Century Vibe. Here’s a kitchen redo that shows how drastic the difference can be between two types of wood cabinets. Homeowner Suzanna Smith went from a natural wood kitchen to another natural wood kitchen, yes, but the character within is completely different. Suzanna’s starting …A full 10x10 RTA kitchen can cost as little as $1,499, while assembled cabinets for the same space start at $2,000. The price of kitchen cabinets can, however, vary greatly depending on the quality and quantity of cabinets you are looking to buy. Additional factors, like assembly and installation, significantly impact the price of cabinets.Cabinet legs are sturdy and often adjustable, so choose from a variety of styles and materials. Our top-of-the-line kitchen units and wall cabinets are the perfect solution to transform your kitchen into a space that you’ll love. At Wickes, we pride ourselves on offering high-quality products that exceed every expectation. Made in the USA since 1972 this line offers over 2,000 style options. Pick your door style, wood species and finish. Here you'll find Oak, Cherry, Alder, Hickory, Walnut, Maple and more in both rustic and traditional wood grains. This cabinetry line offers extensive sizes for a more custom design. Choose options ranging from budget friendly ... To remove sticky residue from wooden kitchen cabinets, apply diluted laundry or dishwashing detergent, vinegar, or baking soda on the required areas. Then, scrub, rinse well, and d... To install our pre-assembled cabinets in your kitchen, you will need: A power screwdriver and drill. A 4' or 6' level. An 8'-long 2x4 board. A tape measure. A stud finder. C-clamps. A pencil to mark your measurements. Make sure you have another person to assist you when mounting cabinets to the wall. Oct 12, 2018 ... This wood has a ton of advantages, which explains why it's one of the most popular options these days. Oak is hardy, which prevents denting, and ....